在 shell 提示符下获取用户输入的最简单且最广泛可用的方法是read
命令。说明其用法的最佳方式是一个简单的演示:
while true; do
read -p "Do you wish to install this program?" yn
case $yn in
[Yy]* ) make install; break;;
[Nn]* ) exit;;
* ) echo "Please answer yes or no.";;
esac
done
Steven Huwig 指出的另一种方法是 Bash 的select
命令。以下是使用select
的相同示例:
echo "Do you wish to install this program?"
select yn in "Yes" "No"; do
case $yn in
Yes ) make install; break;;
No ) exit;;
esac
done
使用select
您无需清理输入 - 它会显示可用选项,并键入与您选择的数字相对应的数字。它也会自动循环,因此如果它们提供无效输入,则不需要重试while true
循环。
另外,请查看 F. Hauri 的优秀答案 。
取决于
如果你想要的话
你可以使用read
命令,然后是if ... then ... else
:
echo -n "Is this a good question (y/n)? "
read answer
# if echo "$answer" | grep -iq "^y" ;then
if [ "$answer" != "${answer#[Yy]}" ] ;then
echo Yes
else
echo No
fi
(感谢Adam Katz 的评论 :将上面的测试替换为一个更便携的测试并避免使用一个分叉:)
但如果您不希望用户必须点击Return ,您可以写:
( 编辑:正如 @JonathanLeffler 正确地建议的那样, 保存 stty 的配置可能比仅仅强迫他们理智更好。)
echo -n "Is this a good question (y/n)? "
old_stty_cfg=$(stty -g)
stty raw -echo ; answer=$(head -c 1) ; stty $old_stty_cfg # Careful playing with stty
if echo "$answer" | grep -iq "^y" ;then
echo Yes
else
echo No
fi
注意:这是在sh , bash , ksh , dash和busybox 下测试的 !
相同,但明确等待y或n :
#/bin/sh
echo -n "Is this a good question (y/n)? "
old_stty_cfg=$(stty -g)
stty raw -echo
answer=$( while ! head -c 1 | grep -i '[ny]' ;do true ;done )
stty $old_stty_cfg
if echo "$answer" | grep -iq "^y" ;then
echo Yes
else
echo No
fi
有许多工具是使用libncurses
, libgtk
, libqt
或其他图形库libqt
。例如,使用whiptail
:
if whiptail --yesno "Is this a good question" 20 60 ;then
echo Yes
else
echo No
fi
根据您的系统,您可能需要用另一个类似的工具替换whiptail
:
dialog --yesno "Is this a good question" 20 60 && echo Yes
gdialog --yesno "Is this a good question" 20 60 && echo Yes
kdialog --yesno "Is this a good question" 20 60 && echo Yes
其中20
是对话框的行数高度, 60
是对话框的宽度。这些工具都具有几乎相同的语法。
DIALOG=whiptail
if [ -x /usr/bin/gdialog ] ;then DIALOG=gdialog ; fi
if [ -x /usr/bin/xdialog ] ;then DIALOG=xdialog ; fi
...
$DIALOG --yesno ...
read -p "Is this a good question (y/n)? " answer
case ${answer:0:1} in
y|Y )
echo Yes
;;
* )
echo No
;;
esac
我更喜欢使用case
所以我甚至可以测试yes | ja | si | oui
如果需要......
在 bash 下,我们可以为read
命令指定预期输入的长度:
read -n 1 -p "Is this a good question (y/n)? " answer
在 bash 下, read
命令接受一个超时参数,这可能很有用。
read -t 3 -n 1 -p "Is this a good question (y/n)? " answer
[ -z "$answer" ] && answer="Yes" # if 'yes' have to be default choice
更复杂的对话框,超越简单的yes - no
目的:
dialog --menu "Is this a good question" 20 60 12 y Yes n No m Maybe
进度条:
dialog --gauge "Filling the tank" 20 60 0 < <(
for i in {1..100};do
printf "XXX\n%d\n%(%a %b %T)T progress: %d\nXXX\n" $i -1 $i
sleep .033
done
)
小演示:
#!/bin/sh
while true ;do
[ -x "$(which ${DIALOG%% *})" ] || DIALOG=dialog
DIALOG=$($DIALOG --menu "Which tool for next run?" 20 60 12 2>&1 \
whiptail "dialog boxes from shell scripts" >/dev/tty \
dialog "dialog boxes from shell with ncurses" \
gdialog "dialog boxes from shell with Gtk" \
kdialog "dialog boxes from shell with Kde" ) || exit
clear;echo "Choosed: $DIALOG."
for i in `seq 1 100`;do
date +"`printf "XXX\n%d\n%%a %%b %%T progress: %d\nXXX\n" $i $i`"
sleep .0125
done | $DIALOG --gauge "Filling the tank" 20 60 0
$DIALOG --infobox "This is a simple info box\n\nNo action required" 20 60
sleep 3
if $DIALOG --yesno "Do you like this demo?" 20 60 ;then
AnsYesNo=Yes; else AnsYesNo=No; fi
AnsInput=$($DIALOG --inputbox "A text:" 20 60 "Text here..." 2>&1 >/dev/tty)
AnsPass=$($DIALOG --passwordbox "A secret:" 20 60 "First..." 2>&1 >/dev/tty)
$DIALOG --textbox /etc/motd 20 60
AnsCkLst=$($DIALOG --checklist "Check some..." 20 60 12 \
Correct "This demo is useful" off \
Fun "This demo is nice" off \
Strong "This demo is complex" on 2>&1 >/dev/tty)
AnsRadio=$($DIALOG --radiolist "I will:" 20 60 12 \
" -1" "Downgrade this answer" off \
" 0" "Not do anything" on \
" +1" "Upgrade this anser" off 2>&1 >/dev/tty)
out="Your answers:\nLike: $AnsYesNo\nInput: $AnsInput\nSecret: $AnsPass"
$DIALOG --msgbox "$out\nAttribs: $AnsCkLst\nNote: $AnsRadio" 20 60
done
更多样品?看看使用 whiptail 选择 USB 设备和USB 可移动存储选择器:USBKeyChooser
例:
#!/bin/bash
set -i
HISTFILE=~/.myscript.history
history -c
history -r
myread() {
read -e -p '> ' $1
history -s ${!1}
}
trap 'history -a;exit' 0 1 2 3 6
while myread line;do
case ${line%% *} in
exit ) break ;;
* ) echo "Doing something with '$line'" ;;
esac
done
这将在$HOME
目录中创建一个.myscript.history
文件,而不是使用 readline 的历史命令,如Up , Down , Ctrl + r等。
echo "Please enter some input: "
read input_variable
echo "You entered: $input_variable"