如何在 Subversion 中忽略文件？

另外，如何查找不受版本控制的文件？

答案

（此答案已更新，以匹配 SVN 1.8 和 1.9 的行为）

您有 2 个问题：

将文件标记为已忽略：

所谓 “被忽略的文件”，是指该文件甚至不会以 “未版本控制” 的形式出现在列表中：您的 SVN 客户端会假装该文件在文件系统中根本不存在。

忽略的文件由 “文件模式” 指定。 SVN 的在线文档中说明了文件模式的语法和格式： http ://svnbook.red-bean.com/nightly/en/svn.advanced.props.special.ignore.html“Subversion 中的文件模式”。

Subversion, as of version 1.8 (June 2013) and later, supports 3 different ways of specifying file patterns. Here's a summary with examples:

1 - Runtime Configuration Area - `global-ignores` option:

This is a client-side only setting, so your global-ignores list won't be shared by other users, and it applies to all repos you checkout onto your computer.
This setting is defined in your Runtime Configuration Area file:
- Windows (file-based) - C:\Users\{you}\AppData\Roaming\Subversion\config
- Windows (registry-based) - Software\Tigris.org\Subversion\Config\Miscellany\global-ignores in both HKLM and HKCU.
- Linux/Unix - ~/.subversion/config

2 - The `svn:ignore` property, which is set on directories (not files):

This is stored within the repo, so other users will have the same ignore files. Similar to how .gitignore works.
svn:ignore is applied to directories and is non-recursive or inherited. Any file or immediate subdirectory of the parent directory that matches the File Pattern will be excluded.

While SVN 1.8 adds the concept of "inherited properties", the svn:ignore property itself is ignored in non-immediate descendant directories:

cd ~/myRepoRoot                             # Open an existing repo.
echo "foo" > "ignoreThis.txt"                # Create a file called "ignoreThis.txt".

svn status                                  # Check to see if the file is ignored or not.
> ?    ./ignoreThis.txt
> 1 unversioned file                        # ...it is NOT currently ignored.

svn propset svn:ignore "ignoreThis.txt" .   # Apply the svn:ignore property to the "myRepoRoot" directory.
svn status
> 0 unversioned files                       # ...but now the file is ignored!

cd subdirectory                             # now open a subdirectory.
echo "foo" > "ignoreThis.txt"                # create another file named "ignoreThis.txt".

svn status
> ?    ./subdirectory/ignoreThis.txt        # ...and is is NOT ignored!
> 1 unversioned file

(So the file ./subdirectory/ignoreThis is not ignored, even though "ignoreThis.txt" is applied on the . repo root).

Therefore, to apply an ignore list recursively you must use svn propset svn:ignore <filePattern> . --recursive.
- This will create a copy of the property on every subdirectory.
- If the <filePattern> value is different in a child directory then the child's value completely overrides the parents, so there is no"additive" effect.
- So if you change the <filePattern> on the root ., then you must change it with --recursive to overwrite it on the child and descendant directories.
I note that the command-line syntax is counter-intuitive.
- I started-off assuming that you would ignore a file in SVN by typing something like svn ignore pathToFileToIgnore.txt however this is not how SVN's ignore feature works.

3- The `svn:global-ignores` property. Requires SVN 1.8 (June 2013):

This is similar to svn:ignore, except it makes use of SVN 1.8's"inherited properties" feature.
Compare to svn:ignore, the file pattern is automatically applied in every descendant directory (not just immediate children).
- This means that is unnecessary to set svn:global-ignores with the --recursive flag, as inherited ignore file patterns are automatically applied as they're inherited.

Running the same set of commands as in the previous example, but using svn:global-ignores instead:

cd ~/myRepoRoot                                    # Open an existing repo
echo "foo" > "ignoreThis.txt"                       # Create a file called "ignoreThis.txt"
svn status                                         # Check to see if the file is ignored or not
> ?    ./ignoreThis.txt
> 1 unversioned file                               # ...it is NOT currently ignored

svn propset svn:global-ignores "ignoreThis.txt" .
svn status
> 0 unversioned files                              # ...but now the file is ignored!

cd subdirectory                                    # now open a subdirectory
echo "foo" > "ignoreThis.txt"                       # create another file named "ignoreThis.txt"
svn status
> 0 unversioned files                              # the file is ignored here too!

For TortoiseSVN users:

This whole arrangement was confusing for me, because TortoiseSVN's terminology (as used in their Windows Explorer menu system) was initially misleading to me - I was unsure what the significance of the Ignore menu's"Add recursively","Add *"and"Add "options. I hope this post explains how the Ignore feature ties-in to the SVN Properties feature. That said, I suggest using the command-line to set ignored files so you get a feel for how it works instead of using the GUI, and only using the GUI to manipulate properties after you're comfortable with the command-line.

Listing files that are ignored:

The command svn status will hide ignored files (that is, files that match an RGA global-ignores pattern, or match an immediate parent directory's svn:ignore pattern or match any ancesor directory's svn:global-ignores pattern.

Use the --no-ignore option to see those files listed. Ignored files have a status of I, then pipe the output to grep to only show lines starting with "I".

该命令是：

svn status --no-ignore | grep "^I"

例如：

svn status
> ? foo                             # An unversioned file
> M modifiedFile.txt                # A versioned file that has been modified

svn status --no-ignore
> ? foo                             # An unversioned file
> I ignoreThis.txt                  # A file matching an svn:ignore pattern
> M modifiedFile.txt                # A versioned file that has been modified

svn status --no-ignore | grep "^I"
> I ignoreThis.txt                  # A file matching an svn:ignore pattern

ta-da！

使用以下命令创建不在版本控制文件下的列表。

svn status | grep "^\?" | awk "{print \$2}" > ignoring.txt

然后编辑文件，只保留您实际上要忽略的文件。然后使用此选项忽略文件中列出的文件：

svn propset svn:ignore -F ignoring.txt .

注意行尾的点。它告诉 SVN 该属性是在当前目录上设置的。

删除文件：

rm ignoring.txt

最后提交，

svn ci --message "ignoring some files"

然后，您可以通过以下方法检查忽略哪些文件：

svn proplist -v

.gitignore 喜欢的方法

您可以忽略. gitignore 之类的文件或目录。只需创建一个您要忽略的目录 / 文件列表的文本文件，然后运行以下代码：

svn propset svn:ignore -F ignorelist.txt .

或者，如果您不想使用文本文件，则可以这样操作：

svn propset svn:ignore "first
 second
 third" .

来源：Karsten 的博客 - 从命令行为多个文件设置 svn：ignore

答案