如何通过 SQL 中的另一列选择具有 MAX（列值），DISTINCT 的行？

我的桌子是：

id  home  datetime     player   resource
---|-----|------------|--------|---------
1  | 10  | 04/03/2009 | john   | 399 
2  | 11  | 04/03/2009 | juliet | 244
5  | 12  | 04/03/2009 | borat  | 555
3  | 10  | 03/03/2009 | john   | 300
4  | 11  | 03/03/2009 | juliet | 200
6  | 12  | 03/03/2009 | borat  | 500
7  | 13  | 24/12/2008 | borat  | 600
8  | 13  | 01/01/2009 | borat  | 700

我需要选择每个拥有datetime最大值的不同home 。

结果将是：

id  home  datetime     player   resource 
---|-----|------------|--------|---------
1  | 10  | 04/03/2009 | john   | 399
2  | 11  | 04/03/2009 | juliet | 244
5  | 12  | 04/03/2009 | borat  | 555
8  | 13  | 01/01/2009 | borat  | 700

我试过了：

-- 1 ..by the MySQL manual: 

SELECT DISTINCT
  home,
  id,
  datetime AS dt,
  player,
  resource
FROM topten t1
WHERE datetime = (SELECT
  MAX(t2.datetime)
FROM topten t2
GROUP BY home)
GROUP BY datetime
ORDER BY datetime DESC

不起作用尽管数据库保留 187 个，但结果集有 130 行。结果包括home某些重复项。

-- 2 ..join

SELECT
  s1.id,
  s1.home,
  s1.datetime,
  s1.player,
  s1.resource
FROM topten s1
JOIN (SELECT
  id,
  MAX(datetime) AS dt
FROM topten
GROUP BY id) AS s2
  ON s1.id = s2.id
ORDER BY datetime

不。提供所有记录。

-- 3 ..something exotic:

具有各种结果。

答案

你好亲密！您需要做的就是选择住所及其最大日期时间，然后再回到两个字段的topten表格中：

SELECT tt.*
FROM topten tt
INNER JOIN
    (SELECT home, MAX(datetime) AS MaxDateTime
    FROM topten
    GROUP BY home) groupedtt 
ON tt.home = groupedtt.home 
AND tt.datetime = groupedtt.MaxDateTime

最快的MySQL解决方案，无内部查询，无GROUP BY ：

SELECT m.*                    -- get the row that contains the max value
FROM topten m                 -- "m" from "max"
    LEFT JOIN topten b        -- "b" from "bigger"
        ON m.home = b.home    -- match "max" row with "bigger" row by `home`
        AND m.datetime < b.datetime           -- want "bigger" than "max"
WHERE b.datetime IS NULL      -- keep only if there is no bigger than max

说明：

使用home列将表与其自身连接。使用LEFT JOIN可确保表m中的所有行均出现在结果集中。那些没有在表中的比赛b将有NULL S 代表的列b 。

JOIN上的另一个条件要求仅匹配b的行在datetime列上的值大于m的行。

使用问题中发布的数据， LEFT JOIN将产生以下对：

+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|              the row from `m`            |    the matching row from `b`   |
|------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| id  home  datetime     player   resource | id    home   datetime      ... |
|----|-----|------------|--------|---------|------|------|------------|-----|
| 1  | 10  | 04/03/2009 | john   | 399     | NULL | NULL | NULL       | ... | *
| 2  | 11  | 04/03/2009 | juliet | 244     | NULL | NULL | NULL       | ... | *
| 5  | 12  | 04/03/2009 | borat  | 555     | NULL | NULL | NULL       | ... | *
| 3  | 10  | 03/03/2009 | john   | 300     | 1    | 10   | 04/03/2009 | ... |
| 4  | 11  | 03/03/2009 | juliet | 200     | 2    | 11   | 04/03/2009 | ... |
| 6  | 12  | 03/03/2009 | borat  | 500     | 5    | 12   | 04/03/2009 | ... |
| 7  | 13  | 24/12/2008 | borat  | 600     | 8    | 13   | 01/01/2009 | ... |
| 8  | 13  | 01/01/2009 | borat  | 700     | NULL | NULL | NULL       | ... | *
+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+

最后， WHERE子句仅在b列中保留具有NULL的对（在上表中用*标记）；这意味着，由于JOIN子句中的第二个条件，从m中选择的行在datetime列中具有最大值。

阅读SQL 反模式：避免数据库编程的陷阱以获取其他 SQL 技巧。

这里是T-SQL版本：

-- Test data
DECLARE @TestTable TABLE (id INT, home INT, date DATETIME, 
  player VARCHAR(20), resource INT)
INSERT INTO @TestTable
SELECT 1, 10, '2009-03-04', 'john', 399 UNION
SELECT 2, 11, '2009-03-04', 'juliet', 244 UNION
SELECT 5, 12, '2009-03-04', 'borat', 555 UNION
SELECT 3, 10, '2009-03-03', 'john', 300 UNION
SELECT 4, 11, '2009-03-03', 'juliet', 200 UNION
SELECT 6, 12, '2009-03-03', 'borat', 500 UNION
SELECT 7, 13, '2008-12-24', 'borat', 600 UNION
SELECT 8, 13, '2009-01-01', 'borat', 700

-- Answer
SELECT id, home, date, player, resource 
FROM (SELECT id, home, date, player, resource, 
    RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY home ORDER BY date DESC) N
    FROM @TestTable
)M WHERE N = 1

-- and if you really want only home with max date
SELECT T.id, T.home, T.date, T.player, T.resource 
    FROM @TestTable T
INNER JOIN 
(   SELECT TI.id, TI.home, TI.date, 
        RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY TI.home ORDER BY TI.date) N
    FROM @TestTable TI
    WHERE TI.date IN (SELECT MAX(TM.date) FROM @TestTable TM)
)TJ ON TJ.N = 1 AND T.id = TJ.id

编辑
不幸的是，MySQL 中没有 RANK（）OVER 函数。
但是它可以被模拟，请参见使用 MySQL 模拟分析（AKA 排名）函数。
这是MySQL版本：

SELECT id, home, date, player, resource 
FROM TestTable AS t1 
WHERE 
    (SELECT COUNT(*) 
            FROM TestTable AS t2 
            WHERE t2.home = t1.home AND t2.date > t1.date
    ) = 0