我昨天在一个答案上做了评论,有人在正则表达式而不是[0-9]
或\d
使用了[0123456789]
。我说使用范围或数字说明符比使用字符集更有效。
我今天决定对它进行测试,并且我惊讶地发现(至少在 C#正则表达式引擎中) \d
似乎效率低于其他两个似乎没有太大差别。这是我的 10000 个随机字符串 1000 个随机字符的测试输出,其中 5077 实际上包含一个数字:
Regular expression \d took 00:00:00.2141226 result: 5077/10000
Regular expression [0-9] took 00:00:00.1357972 result: 5077/10000 63.42 % of first
Regular expression [0123456789] took 00:00:00.1388997 result: 5077/10000 64.87 % of first
令我惊讶的是有两个原因:
\d
比[0-9]
差。是否有更多的\d
不是简单的简写[0-9]
这是测试代码:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
namespace SO_RegexPerformance
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var rand = new Random(1234);
var strings = new List<string>();
//10K random strings
for (var i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
{
//Generate random string
var sb = new StringBuilder();
for (var c = 0; c < 1000; c++)
{
//Add a-z randomly
sb.Append((char)('a' + rand.Next(26)));
}
//In roughly 50% of them, put a digit
if (rand.Next(2) == 0)
{
//Replace one character with a digit, 0-9
sb[rand.Next(sb.Length)] = (char)('0' + rand.Next(10));
}
strings.Add(sb.ToString());
}
var baseTime = testPerfomance(strings, @"\d");
Console.WriteLine();
var testTime = testPerfomance(strings, "[0-9]");
Console.WriteLine(" {0:P2} of first", testTime.TotalMilliseconds / baseTime.TotalMilliseconds);
testTime = testPerfomance(strings, "[0123456789]");
Console.WriteLine(" {0:P2} of first", testTime.TotalMilliseconds / baseTime.TotalMilliseconds);
}
private static TimeSpan testPerfomance(List<string> strings, string regex)
{
var sw = new Stopwatch();
int successes = 0;
var rex = new Regex(regex);
sw.Start();
foreach (var str in strings)
{
if (rex.Match(str).Success)
{
successes++;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.Write("Regex {0,-12} took {1} result: {2}/{3}", regex, sw.Elapsed, successes, strings.Count);
return sw.Elapsed;
}
}
}
\d
检查所有 Unicode 数字,而[0-9]
仅限于这 10 个字符。例如, 波斯数字۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹
是与\d
匹配的 Unicode 数字的示例,但不是[0-9]
。
您可以使用以下代码生成所有此类字符的列表:
var sb = new StringBuilder();
for(UInt16 i = 0; i < UInt16.MaxValue; i++)
{
string str = Convert.ToChar(i).ToString();
if (Regex.IsMatch(str, @"\d"))
sb.Append(str);
}
Console.WriteLine(sb.ToString());
哪个产生:
012345678901234567890123456789߀߁߂߃߄߅߆߇߈߉012345678901২345678901234567890123456789୦୧୨୩୪୫୬୭୮୯0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789᠐᠑᠒᠓᠔᠕᠖᠗᠘᠙᥆᥇᥈᥉᥊᥋᥌᥍᥎᥏᧐᧑᧒᧓᧔᧕᧖᧗᧘᧙᭐᭑᭒᭓᭔᭕᭖᭗᭘᭙᮰᮱᮲᮳᮴᮵᮶᮷᮸᮹᱀᱁᱂᱃᱄᱅᱆᱇᱈᱉᱐᱑᱒᱓᱔᱕᱖᱗᱘᱙꘠꘡꘢꘣꘤꘥꘦꘧꘨꘩꣐꣑꣒꣓꣔꣕꣖꣗꣘꣙꤀꤁꤂꤃꤄꤅꤆꤇꤈꤉꩐꩑꩒꩓꩔꩕꩖꩗꩘꩙0123456789
感谢 ByteBlast 在文档中注意到这一点。只需更改正则表达式构造函数:
var rex = new Regex(regex, RegexOptions.ECMAScript);
提供新的时间:
Regex \d took 00:00:00.1355787 result: 5077/10000
Regex [0-9] took 00:00:00.1360403 result: 5077/10000 100.34 % of first
Regex [0123456789] took 00:00:00.1362112 result: 5077/10000 100.47 % of first
[0-9]
不等于\d
。[0-9]
仅匹配0123456789
字符,而\d
匹配[0-9]
和其他数字字符,例如东部阿拉伯数字٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩