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尝试安装 pg gem 时找不到'libpq-fe.h 标头

我正在使用 Ruby on Rails 3.1 预版本。我喜欢使用 PostgreSQL,但问题是安装pg gem。它给了我以下错误:

$ gem install pg
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing pg:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /home/u/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p0/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... no
No pg_config... trying anyway. If building fails, please try again with
 --with-pg-config=/path/to/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... no
Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/home/u/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p0/bin/ruby
    --with-pg
    --without-pg
    --with-pg-dir
    --without-pg-dir
    --with-pg-include
    --without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
    --with-pg-lib
    --without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib
    --with-pg-config
    --without-pg-config
    --with-pg_config
    --without-pg_config


Gem files will remain installed in /home/u/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0/gems/pg-0.11.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/u/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0/gems/pg-0.11.0/ext/gem_make.out

我该如何解决这个问题?

答案

看起来在 Ubuntu 中,标头是libpq-dev软件包的一部分 (至少在以下 Ubuntu 版本中: 11.04 (Natty Narwhal), 10.04 (Lucid Lynx), 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot), 12.04 (Precise Pangolin), 14.04 ( Trusty Tahr)和18.04 (Bionic Beaver)):

...
/usr/include/postgresql/libpq-fe.h
...

因此,请尝试为您的操作系统安装libpq-dev或等效版本:

  • 对于 Ubuntu / Debian 系统: sudo apt-get install libpq-dev
  • Red Hat Linux (RHEL)系统上: yum install postgresql-devel
  • 对于 Mac Homebrewbrew install postgresql
  • 对于 Mac MacPorts PostgreSQL: gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/opt/local/lib/postgresql[version number]/bin/pg_config
  • 对于OpenSusezypper in postgresql-devel
  • 对于ArchLinuxpacman -S postgresql-libs

macOS (以前是Mac OS XOS X )上,使用Homebrew安装正确的标头:

brew install postgresql

然后运行

gem install pg

应该管用。

另外,也可以不安装整个postgresql ,而是通过brew install libpq并按照 “注意事项” 部分中的说明导出正确的PATHPKG_CONFIG_PATH

我也尝试过执行gem install libpq-dev ,但收到此错误:

Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***

但是我发现使用sudo apt-get (我试图避免与 Ruby on Rails 一起使用)进行安装是可行的,即

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev
# or
apt-get install postgres-server-dev-{pg.version}
# for postgresql 9.4 on Ubuntu 14.04

那我就能做到

gem install pg

没有问题。